{"id":158,"date":"2012-08-28T23:53:56","date_gmt":"2012-08-28T20:53:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/?p=158"},"modified":"2012-08-28T23:53:56","modified_gmt":"2012-08-28T20:53:56","slug":"innovasyon-sozlugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/?p=158","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nnovasyon S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bu s\u00f6zl\u00fck, Avrupa Komisyonu&#8217;nun &#8220;Innovation and Technology Transfer&#8221; yay\u0131n\u0131yla olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fck ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan yararlan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 terim ve s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130ngilizce kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 parantez i\u00e7inde verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma taban\u0131 (Research base):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir \u00fclkenin veya b\u00f6lgenin sanayisinin yeni bilgiye eri\u015fti\u011fi \u00fcniversitelerini ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 -akademik bilim ve teknoloji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131- tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma-Geli\u015ftirme (Ar-Ge):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bilgi stokunu ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla sistematik olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ifade eder. Temel ara\u015ft\u0131rma, uygulamal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve deneysel geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Ar-Ge kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nan faaliyetlerdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Bilgi taban\u0131 (knowlegde base):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Belli bir sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki ilerlemelerin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilerin toplam\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Sadece yaz\u0131l\u0131 (kodlanm\u0131\u015f) bilgiyi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan (kodlanmam\u0131\u015f) bilgiyi ve tesis ve ekipmandaki bilgiyi (\u00fcretim, kullan\u0131m, bak\u0131m, bilgileri) de kapsar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Bilgi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (knowledge assests):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir \u015firketin k\u00e2r elde etmek, de\u011fer yaratmak, rekabet avantaj\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi yakalamak i\u00e7in sahip oldu\u011fu veya sahip olmas\u0131 gereken, pazar, \u00fcr\u00fcn, teknoloji ve organizasyona ait bilgilerin tamam\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u00c7ekirdek sermaye (Seed capital):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yeni kurulan \u015firketlere (start-up) kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n en erken evresinde, genellikle fizibilite ve pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 finanse etmek amac\u0131yla sa\u011flanan kaynakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>En iyi uygulama (Best practice):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Belli bir alanda kabul g\u00f6ren lider konumundaki kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemlerini ifade eder.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Fikri m\u00fclkiyet (Intellectual Property-IP):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir firman\u0131n veya ki\u015finin orijinal icatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bilgisini tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 (Intellectual Property Rights-IPR):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ulusal veya uluslar \u00fcst\u00fc yetkili bir kurum taraf\u0131ndan, \u00e7o\u011funlukla patent, ticari marka ve end\u00fcstriyel tasar\u0131m i\u00e7in verilen fikri m\u00fclkiyetin \u00f6zel kullan\u0131m\u0131 amac\u0131yla tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Giri\u015fimcilik e\u011fitimi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerini ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131, kendi \u015firketlerini kurarak yeni bilgiyi ticarile\u015ftirmeleri amac\u0131yla e\u011fiten kurslard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u0130nk\u00fcbat\u00f6r (kulu\u00e7kal\u0131k):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yeni firmalara i\u015f destek hizmetlerinin tek elden sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, genellikle \u00fcniversitelerde veya kamu ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f mek\u00e2nlard\u0131r. Sa\u011flanan destek paketinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kira ile ofis temininin yan\u0131nda altyap\u0131 imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ile ofis desteklerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u0130novasyon Aktar\u0131m Merkezleri (\u0130nnovation Relay Centres (IRC):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Avrupa genelinde kurulan, uluslararas\u0131 teknoloji transferine destek sa\u011flama konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f teknoloji arac\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u0130novasyon harcamalar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemizde de Devlet \u0130statistik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (D\u0130E) taraf\u0131ndan inovasyon yapan firmalara uygulanmakta olan Avrupa Birli\u011fi&#8217;nin Topluluk \u0130novasyon Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131&#8217;nda da (Community Innovation Survey) tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde, bir firman\u0131n inovasyon harcamalar\u0131 \u015fu kalemlerden olu\u015fur: Firma i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan Ar-Ge; d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya yapt\u0131r\u0131lan Ar-Ge; \u00fcr\u00fcn ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 inovasyonuyla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 makine ve ekipman; patent, lisans, end\u00fcstriyel tasar\u0131m ve e\u011fitim al\u0131m\u0131; innovasyonun pazarlanmas\u0131 ile ilgili harcamalar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u0130novasyon Merkezi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Genellikle ink\u00fcbat\u00f6r ile e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r; ancak, y\u00fcksek teknoloji \u015firketlerinin kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak in\u00fcb\u00f6t\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcre \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Bir inovasyon merkezi, \u00fcniversite ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131larak kurulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015firketlere de ev sahipli\u011fi yapar. (Kaynak: UK Science Park Association)<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u0130novasyon Sistemi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130novasyon faaliyetini destekleyen yerel, b\u00f6lgesel veya ulusal ortam\u0131 ifade eder. Sistemde, firmalar\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, inovasyon finansman\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar, i\u015f destek hizmetleri ve programlar\u0131 ve t\u00fcm bu bile\u015fenlerin etkile\u015fti\u011fi a\u011flar yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u0130novasyon:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yeni bilginin ekonomik ve sosyal faydaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir (Di\u011fer tan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z).<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u0130novasyonun finansman\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yeni kurulan y\u00fcksek teknoloji firmalara (start-up) b\u00fcy\u00fcmelerinin ilk evrelerinde sa\u011flanan t\u00fcm finansman kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Finansman, \u00e7ekirdek sermaye fonlar\u0131ndan, gayri resmi yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lardan (giri\u015fimcinin arkada\u015flar\u0131, ailesi ve i\u015f melekleri), bankalardan ve risk sermayesi fonlar\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u0130novasyonun y\u00f6neti\u015fimi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Payda\u015flar\u0131n (sanayi, t\u00fcketici, kamu yetkilileri, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar) inovasyon politikas\u0131n\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131, uygulanmas\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirilmesi s\u00fcrecine d\u00e2hil edilmesiyle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve faaliyetleri ifade eder.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u0130\u015f Melekleri (Business angels):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Y\u00fcksek risk ve y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fcme potansiyeli i\u00e7eren firmalara kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok erken bir d\u00f6neminde yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan \u00f6zel bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 tipidir. \u0130\u015f meleklerinin kendileri de genellikle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 giri\u015fimcilerdir ve yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131klar\u0131 firmalarda i\u015f konusunda s\u00fcrekli dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k yaparak ve yol g\u00f6stererek de\u011fer yarat\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>K\u0131yaslama (Benchmarking):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Performans\u0131n, geli\u015fme ama\u00e7l\u0131 hedeflerin konmas\u0131yla en iyi uygulamalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesidir. ( K\u0131yaslama, firmalar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rne\u011fin kendi sekt\u00f6rlerindeki i\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine uygulanarak yap\u0131l\u0131r veya ulusal ya da b\u00f6lgesel politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan, \u00f6rne\u011fin yeni teknolojiye dayal\u0131 firmalar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan desteklerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.)<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>K\u00fcme (Cluster):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yo\u011fun bir etkile\u015fim ile inovasyon faaliyetlerinin te\u015fvik edilmesi amac\u0131yla tasarlanan, belli bir b\u00f6lge ve sekt\u00f6rde faaliyet g\u00f6steren b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki i\u015fletmeler, \u00fcniversiteler ve\/veya kamu ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya gelmesiyle olu\u015fmu\u015f gruplard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Lineer inovasyon modeli:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Belli teknolojilerin \u00fcniversitelerden ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131ndan sanayiye transferini i\u00e7eren fazlas\u0131yla basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f (ve genellikle tercih edilmeyen) inovasyon yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Bu modelin yerini art\u0131k &#8220;sistemik inovasyon modeli&#8221; alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Maddi olmayan\/gayri maddi\/elle tutulamayan varl\u0131klar (Intangible assests):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir firman\u0131n, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n becerileri, bilgileri ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferleridir. Bilgiye dayal\u0131 ekonomide temel zenginlik ve de\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u00d6m\u00fcr boyu e\u011fitim (Lifelong learning):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Firmalarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen e\u011fitimler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere s\u00fcrekli e\u011fitimi ifade eder. Yeni teknolojilerin \u00f6z\u00fcmsenmesini h\u0131zland\u0131ran \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>\u00d6rt\u00fck\/Yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan bilgi (Tacit knowledge):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hen\u00fcz yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getirilmemi\u015f, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u015firket sahiplerinin\/y\u00f6neticilerinin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu bilgiyi tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Risk Sermayesi (Venture capital):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Y\u00fcksek riskli, y\u00fcksek getirisi olan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlar. Risk sermayesi fonlar\u0131, yeni teknolojiye dayal\u0131 firmalar\u0131n h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in gerekli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>&#8220;Start-up&#8221;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yeni kurulmu\u015f \u015firketleri tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>&#8220;Spin-off\/Spin-out&#8221;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir \u00fcniversitenin veya kurumsal ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibinin bilgi ve becerilerini ticarile\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f yeni bir \u015firkettir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Sistemik inovasyon modeli:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130novasyonun, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi, kurum ve ortamda karma\u015f\u0131k ve s\u00fcrekli bir etkile\u015fim sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fini temel alan yeni inovasyon yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Ar-Ge art\u0131k inovasyonun &#8220;kayna\u011f\u0131&#8221; olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemekte, ancak inovasyon i\u00e7in gerekli pek\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011feden biri olarak alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Teknoloji de\u011ferlendirmesi (Technology Audit):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir firman\u0131n teknoloji varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve gereksinimini de\u011ferlendirmek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Teknoloji tabanl\u0131 firma (Technology-based firm):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sadece y\u00fcksek teknoloji sekt\u00f6rlerinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren firmalar\u0131 de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda geleneksel imalat sanayi sekt\u00f6rlerinde ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde teknolojiyi kullanan firmalar\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Teknoloji Transferi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kurulu\u015flar aras\u0131nda teknolojinin ve bilginin lisans al\u0131m\u0131, pazarlama anla\u015fmalar\u0131, ortak geli\u015ftirme anla\u015fmalar\u0131, e\u011fitim veya personel de\u011fi\u015fimi yoluyla transferini ifade eder.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Teknoloji Vadisi (Technology Valley):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Belli bir alandaki sanayi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma faaliyetinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kritik k\u00fctlenin inovasyon temelli kendi kendine s\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir ekonomik geli\u015fmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ulusal veya b\u00f6lgesel bir politika ile desteklenen geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir k\u00fcmeyi (cluster) ifade eder. Silikon vadisi, teknoloji vadisine klasik bir \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Teknopark\/Bilim Park\u0131\/Teknopol\/Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Park\u0131 (Technopark\/Science Park\/Technopole\/Research Park):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ana amac\u0131, hizmet sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015firketlerde ve bilgi-tabanl\u0131 kurulu\u015flarda inovasyon k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yaymak ve rekabet g\u00fc\u00e7lerini art\u0131rarak bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin refah d\u00fczeyini y\u00fckseltmek olan, konusunda uzman profesyoneller taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen yap\u0131lard\u0131r. Bir teknopark, bu amaca ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in \u00fcniversiteler, Ar-Ge kurumlar\u0131, \u015firketler ve pazar aras\u0131ndaki bilgi ve teknoloji ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irip y\u00f6netir; ink\u00fcbat\u00f6rler ve &#8220;spin-off&#8221;lara destekler sa\u011flamak yoluyla inovasyona dayal\u0131 \u015firketlerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini te\u015fvik eder ve y\u00fcksek kaliteli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 ve imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla katma de\u011feri y\u00fcksek hizmetler sunar. (Kaynak: International Association of Science Parks)<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Ticarile\u015ftirme (commercialization\/exploitation):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma projelerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kendileri veya di\u011fer bir geli\u015ftirici grubu (giri\u015fimci, firma, vb) taraf\u0131ndan pazarlanabilir \u00fcr\u00fcn veya hizmetlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0 <strong>Yeni Teknolojiye Dayal\u0131 Firmalar (New technology-based firms-NTBF):<\/strong> Elektronik, yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve biyoteknoloji gibi alanlarda faaliyet g\u00f6steren, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce b\u00fcy\u00fck firmalardan veya b\u00fcy\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezlerinden ayr\u0131larak kurulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck firmalard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7 <strong>Yenilik\u00e7i firma:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemizde de Devlet \u0130statistik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (D\u0130E) taraf\u0131ndan inovasyon yapan firmalara uygulanmakta olan Avrupa Birli\u011fi&#8217;nin Topluluk \u0130novasyon Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131&#8217;nda da (Community Innovation Survey) tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde, faaliyetinin son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yeni veya geli\u015fkin \u00fcr\u00fcn, s\u00fcre\u00e7 veya hizmetler geli\u015ftirmi\u015f ve pazara s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f firmalar\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu s\u00f6zl\u00fck, Avrupa Komisyonu&#8217;nun &#8220;Innovation and Technology Transfer&#8221; yay\u0131n\u0131yla olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fck ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan yararlan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 terim ve s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130ngilizce kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 parantez i\u00e7inde verilmi\u015ftir. \u00b7\u00a0 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma taban\u0131 (Research base): Bir \u00fclkenin veya b\u00f6lgenin sanayisinin yeni bilgiye eri\u015fti\u011fi \u00fcniversitelerini ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 -akademik bilim ve teknoloji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131- tan\u0131mlar. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=158"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":160,"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158\/revisions\/160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aslantozcan.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}